An article with this title was recently published in the journal Policy Futures in Education. Its author, Odd Bjørn Ure, investigates what is claimed to be a shift towards national and European education systems based on Learning Outcomes. When Learning Outcomes are related to a pedagogical debate, they can easily be positioned to learning theories in which the centredness of the learner is brought to the fore. Learning Outcomes also form part of a package of policies at a national and cross-national level.
Learning Outcomes are therefore often analysed as pedagogical and policy instruments. A third perspective is to consider Learning Outcomes as an organisational instrument. This implies studying the work organisation of educational institutions, as well as the bodies and agencies of importance for disseminating Learning Outcomes.
Another aspect, which the notion organisational instrument can shed light on, is the continuing efforts to improve the performance of education systems by quality control and auditing procedures.
The entire article can be downloaded here:

https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210318774689

A follow-up article will closer look at how the introduction of Learning Outcomes is part of a discourse that aims to reform education and training at a national and European level .